India’s 11,000-kilometer coastline and 2.37 million sq km EEZ hold vast resources, polymetallic nodules and over 100 GW offshore wind, yet deep-ocean development is hampered by regulatory complexity, financing gaps, and unclear seabed rules. Unified governance, targeted ocean finance, long-term leases, and regional models like Goa’s integrated maritime strategy could unlock investment, technology, and sustainable economic growth.
